The pectus archive

Ten years of writing about a chest
that wouldn't sit right.

Everything I have published on pectus excavatum, carinatum and rib flare - written from correcting my own chest, and from a decade of coaching other people through theirs.

Articles
70
Words
212k
Sources cited
1,351
Topics
10
Latest · published Oct 2026
Pectus Carinatum

Best Pectus Carinatum Brace: 2026 Prices and How to Choose

No pectus carinatum brace is proven best. What predicts results, brace types, prices and returns from sellers' own pages (Oct 2026), adults and red flags.

12 min32 sources

24 of 70 articles

Pectus Carinatum

Best Pectus Carinatum Brace: 2026 Prices and How to Choose

No pectus carinatum brace is proven best. What predicts results, brace types, prices and returns from sellers' own pages (Oct 2026), adults and red flags.

12 min32 src
Surgery

Nuss Procedure Cost: Pectus Surgery Prices and Insurance

What the Nuss procedure and pectus excavatum surgery cost in the US and abroad, what insurers require, how to appeal a denial and what bar removal adds.

14 min33 src
Breathing

Rib Flare Braces: Do They Work, Types and Costs

Do rib flare braces work? The evidence, each type from custom braces and straps to belts, binders, corsets and posture correctors, 2026 prices and safety.

14 min24 src
Vacuum Bell

Vacuum Bell vs Surgery for Pectus Excavatum: How to Choose

Vacuum bell or Nuss surgery? The one head-to-head study, results, risks, time and cost side by side, how to combine them and which fits your chest.

13 min25 src
Top-down diagrams of four chest shapes: a normal chest, a sunken chest, a pigeon chest and a mixed chest with a bump on one side and a dip on the otherPectus 101

Chest Wall Deformities: Types, Names and ICD-10 Codes

Types of chest wall deformity, from sunken and pigeon chest to Poland syndrome and pectus arcuatum: how to tell them apart, their names and ICD-10 codes.

15 min28 src
Side-view diagram comparing pigeon chest, a normal chest and a sunken chest, with the normal front line dashed and the breastbone highlightedPectus 101

Pectus Excavatum vs Normal Chest: Front, Side, X-Ray and CT

How a sunken chest differs from a normal one from the front and side, on an X-ray, CT or MRI, and how it compares with pigeon chest and look-alikes.

11 min20 src
Diagram of the front of the ribcage marking where a bump can sit: the collarbone joint, top of the breastbone, middle or lower breastbone, bottom tip (xiphoid) and lower rib edgeHealth Problems

Sternum Sticking Out? What It Means and When to Worry

Why your sternum or another chest bone sticks out, mapped by where the bump sits, what is normal, what a sudden change means and when to see a doctor.

10 min27 src
A ribcage with the lower ribs flaring outwardExercises

Rib Flare Exercises: 10 Moves to Bring Flared Ribs Down

The rib flare exercises I used, in order: breathing drills first, then core work that holds the ribs down, then stretches. Sets, reps and the mistakes to avoid.

10 min2 src
Pectus carinatum - a chest with the sternum and ribs pushed outwardPectus Carinatum

Pectus Carinatum (Pigeon Chest): Causes, Types and Fixes

Pectus carinatum is a pigeon chest: the breastbone pushes outward. What causes it, the main types, how to check yours, and what flattens it without surgery.

12 min9 src
Postoperative Supplies For Home Recovery After Pectus SurgerySurgery

Pectus Surgery Recovery: What to Buy Before You Go Home

In this post, we'll investigate the must-have supplies to make your home post pectus surgery recovery as smooth and comfortable as possible.

5 min3 src
A 3D rib cage with a ring encircling it at the level of the lower ribsHealth Problems

How To Prevent Pectus Excavatum Recurrence After Surgery

A corrected chest can drift back after the bar comes out. What the recurrence data actually shows, and the habits that hold the result in place.

7 min10 src
3D illustration of a ribcage with the lower rib edges highlighted in redBreathing

Flared Ribs: What Causes Rib Flare and How to Fix It

What rib flare is, how to tell if yours is positional or structural, why one side can flare more, and what actually brings flared ribs down.

18 min11 src
A 3D weight bench in blue with a loaded barbell and dumbbells around itExercises

Pectus Excavatum Exercises: Bench Press, Running and Gym

What training can and can't change with pectus excavatum, what the studies found, a gym or home week, and whether running, swimming and sport are fine.

16 min16 src
3D rib cage on a pink background with red highlights at the breastbone and lower ribsHealth Problems

Pectus Excavatum Pain: Chest, Back and After Surgery

Can pectus excavatum cause chest pain? What studies show and who they measured, back and rib pain, sneezing, weather, pain after surgery and red flags.

12 min35 src
3D illustration of two gloved hands holding a curved Nuss bar with stabilizersSurgery

Pectus Excavatum Surgery: Nuss vs Ravitch, Recovery, Risks

Pectus excavatum surgery explained: who qualifies, Nuss vs Ravitch, recovery, contact sports, risks with real rates, bar removal and results, plus costs.

17 min31 src
A 3D ribcage illustration with a blue verified check badge pinned to the breastboneLifestyle

Celebrities With Pectus Excavatum (Does Sean Gunn Have It?)

Nine famous people confirmed to have pectus excavatum, each with a source and date, plus straight answers on Michael Phelps, Sean Gunn and other names.

10 min11 src
A 3D yoga mat unrolled on the floor beside a small desk and monitorExercises

Pectus Excavatum Yoga: Benefits and How It Helped Me

Which yoga poses open a sunken chest and improve pectus posture, which ones make the flare worse, and how to build a short daily sequence you will actually do.

10 min10 src
A 3D vacuum bell seen face-on with its hand pump and tubeVacuum Bell

Vacuum Bell Therapy for Pectus Excavatum: Results and Risks

A vacuum bell lifts a sunken chest while it's on. What stays after months of use, who it suits, adults, side effects and how to judge before-and-after photos.

18 min31 src
3D illustration of a rib cage with the breastbone curving inwardPectus 101

Pectus Excavatum (Sunken Chest): What It Is and Your Options

Pectus excavatum is a sunken or concave chest. What causes it, how to judge how severe yours is, when to see a doctor first, and what each option really does.

15 min20 src
3D illustration of a red heart beside a yellow triangle sign on a pink backgroundHealth Problems

Can Pectus Excavatum Cause Heart Problems? The Research

Most sunken chests don't affect the heart. What studies show on palpitations, murmurs, AFib, blood pressure, caffeine and alcohol, and when to see a doctor.

14 min35 src
Diagram of a chest cross-section: the breastbone sits inward, joined to the ribs by costal cartilage, with the heart and spine behind itPectus 101

Pectus Excavatum Causes: What Science Knows (and Doesn't)

What causes pectus excavatum? Each cause graded by its evidence: family history, genes, the cartilage theory, linked syndromes and what doesn't cause it.

11 min38 src
A 3D head in profile, the brain exposed and ringed by orbiting lines and lightning boltsHealth Problems

Psychological Effects of Pectus Excavatum: Anxiety and Mood

What studies show about pectus excavatum and anxiety, low mood, self-esteem and body dysmorphia, who they studied, what helps, and where to get help now.

13 min40 src
3D illustration of purple lungs with the windpipe capped by a red X and fitted with a valve wheel, on a pink backgroundHealth Problems

Pectus Excavatum Shortness of Breath: Causes and Tests

Why a sunken chest can leave you breathless, mostly during exercise. The tests that help, the asthma and sleep apnea research, and when to see a doctor.

11 min33 src
3D rib cage on a pink background with a magnifying glass over the breastboneHealth Problems

Pectus Excavatum Symptoms: 12 Signs, From Mild to Severe

The 12 signs of pectus excavatum from mild to severe, what the research shows for each one and who it was measured in, and when to see a doctor first.

13 min22 src
A 3D rib cage with a stitched implant filling the hollow beside the sternumSurgery

Pectus Excavatum Implants: 5 Types and How They Hold Up

Implants fill a sunken chest instead of correcting it. The five types, how each result holds up over the years, and who should consider an implant at all.

7 min4 src
3D bar chart rising toward a tall red bar, with a warning sign in the gapPectus 101

Is Pectus Excavatum a Disability? Lifespan and the Military

What pectus excavatum means as you age: the lifespan evidence, heart and lungs, and the current US and UK military, police and disability rules.

16 min29 src
A 3D gauge labelled Confidence on a pink background, its needle at the top of the dialLifestyle

Pectus Excavatum Confidence: Shirtless, Gym and Beach

How to feel confident with pectus excavatum: a step-by-step plan for going shirtless, the gym, the beach, comments and teasing, and staying motivated.

13 min30 src
A pink 3D female symbol with a purple pixel-art raised fist inside the ringLifestyle

Pectus Excavatum in Women and Girls: Breasts and Symptoms

Pectus excavatum is often found late in women and girls, partly as breasts can hide a sunken chest. What it does to breasts, symptoms, pregnancy and options.

13 min23 src
3D illustration of a baby's pacifier with a pink teat and a blue shieldPectus 101

Sunken Chest in Babies and Children: Signs and When to Worry

An indent in a child's chest is often pectus excavatum. Check breathing first, then see what to expect by age, which symptoms need a doctor, and the options.

13 min28 src
A 3D bra rendered in blueLifestyle

Bras for Pectus Excavatum: Finding One That Fits

On a sunken chest the centre of your bra may never sit flat, and that's fine. Which styles to try first and a fit check that works with pectus excavatum.

12 min5 src
3D illustration of purple lungs with a bending barbell balanced on top of the windpipe, on a pink backgroundBreathing

Pectus Excavatum Breathing Exercises: Balloon and Trainer

Breathing exercises won't lift your sternum. What they can do, the safety rules, and belly, balloon and trainer drills with the source of every dose.

12 min31 src
A pink 3D rib cage with a red heart on a round sign rising from the breastboneLifestyle

Dating With Pectus Excavatum: Partners, Hugs and Shirtless

I found no study asking partners about pectus excavatum. What the research does show, plus telling a partner, hugs, intimacy and going shirtless.

12 min25 src
3D illustration of a calculator crossed by a horizontal arrow labelled A and a vertical arrow labelled BPectus 101

Haller Index for Pectus Excavatum: What Your Number Means

The Haller index is a ratio from a chest scan. About 2.5 is average and 3.25 is a common line for a surgical opinion, but no single number decides surgery.

13 min27 src
A 3D heart built from blue blocks set into a pink brick wallPectus 101

Marfan Syndrome and Pectus: Heart Checks and Treatment

Marfan syndrome often comes with a sunken or pigeon chest. How common each is, why the aorta comes first, which checks to get and how treatment changes.

12 min26 src
A 3D rib cage beside a ruler and a pencilPectus 101

How to Measure Pectus Excavatum at Home and Track It

Lie flat, rest a ruler across the dip, measure down to the deepest point, the same way every month. What that number tells you, and why it's not a Haller index.

13 min5 src
3D illustration of a gloved hand dropping a removed Nuss bar into a binSurgery

Nuss Bar Removal: When It Comes Out, Recovery and Risks

When a Nuss bar comes out, what pectus bar removal day involves, pain and return to sport, real risk rates, bars that poke out, and what changes after.

12 min24 src
3D illustration of a pectus excavatum brace: two pads on the lower ribs and a back plate joined by side barsBracing

Pectus Excavatum Brace: Types, Evidence and Who It Suits

Can a brace fix pectus excavatum? What the research shows, adult results, LaceIT and posture braces, the dynamic remodeling method, and brace vs bell.

14 min19 src
A 3D spine seen from the side, showing its forward curvePosture

Pectus Posture: What It Changes and How to Fix It

Bad posture didn't cause your pectus excavatum, but it changes how deep it looks. A 2-minute check, a short daily routine, and answers on chiropractors.

13 min17 src
A 3D pregnancy test with two red lines on a pink backgroundHealth Problems

Pectus Excavatum and Pregnancy: Breathing, Birth, Nuss Bar

The published pregnancies with pectus excavatum, what pregnancy does to your heart and lungs, delivery, a Nuss bar, and what to tell your care team.

11 min20 src
Ravitch Procedure For Pectus Excavatum: A-Z GuideSurgery

Ravitch Procedure for Pectus Excavatum: Recovery and Risks

The Ravitch procedure removes cartilage instead of placing a bar. How it differs from the Nuss, who it is used for now, and what recovery really involves.

17 min10 src
3D model of a spine on a pink background, bending sideways in one curve through the middleHealth Problems

Scoliosis and Pectus: How Common and What to Treat First

Does pectus excavatum cause scoliosis? How often the two occur together, what Nuss and spine surgery do to each other, carinatum, and what to treat first.

11 min32 src
3D illustration of a blue elastic band stretched from a post on a wooden boardPosture

Pectus Excavatum Stretches: What They Can and Can't Do

Stretching won't move your sternum, but it can help your chest, shoulders and upper back move and feel better. The stretches, hospital doses and when to stop.

10 min21 src
A 3D kitchen scale with food portions in the panLifestyle

Pectus Excavatum Weight Gain: What Fat and Muscle Change

Does gaining weight help pectus excavatum? What fat and muscle change, whether people with pectus are usually skinny, and how teens and adults gain safely.

13 min26 src
A 3D skeletal muscle with tendons at both ends, an arrow pointing to where it attachesPectus 101

Chest Insertions: What They Are and Can You Change Them?

Uneven chest muscle insertions get mistaken for pectus excavatum constantly. How to tell which one you have, and why the fix is completely different.

3 min5 src
A 3D condom with a Nuss bar strapped around itSurgery

Sex After the Nuss Procedure: How Long to Wait

According to research, you can have sexual intercourse 5-6 weeks after Nuss procedure. Follow your surgeon's guides to learn how to deal with this.

3 min2 src
3D bar chart with bars rising left to right, a yellow warning sign in a gap, then a tall red barHealth Problems

Does Pectus Excavatum Get Worse With Age, or Go Away?

Does pectus excavatum go away or get worse with age? What happens to the dip and to symptoms at each stage, what changes it, and if it's too late as an adult.

11 min22 src
A 3D Nuss bar with curved arrows showing it rotating out of positionHealth Problems

Bar Movement After Nuss Procedure: Should You Worry?

The Nuss bar movement in the chest can be normal. However, if you are worried, and it causes you major discomfort, please contact your surgeon.

3 min2 src
A 3D vacuum bell tilted on its side with the hand pump and tube attachedVacuum Bell

How to Use a Vacuum Bell: A Safe Daily Routine

Start with about 15 minutes lying down, pump to a pull, never pain, and build hours, not pressure. Plus skin care, sleeping and training with a vacuum bell.

16 min17 src
A 3D vacuum bell behind a child's numbered building blocksVacuum Bell

Vacuum Bell for Kids: Best Age to Start and What to Expect

Scientific research proves vacuum bell therapy can improve the pectus excavatum deformity in children. In some kids, there is no need for surgery.

6 min7 src
Diagram of a vacuum bell on a sunken chest, labelling the pump with a pressure limit, the slow-release valve, the dome sized to the chest and the soft rim that sealsVacuum Bell

Homemade or DIY Vacuum Bell: Risks and Cheaper Routes

Thinking of a homemade, DIY or 3D-printed vacuum bell? Why I won't give build steps, what can go wrong, who should avoid any bell, and cheaper routes.

10 min18 src
A 3D vacuum bell with its hand pump beside a ruler and a pencilVacuum Bell

Vacuum Bell Sizing: How to Measure and Pick the Right Size

What each vacuum bell maker asks you to measure, their sizes side by side (checked 20 Oct 2026), and how to check the fit at your first session.

11 min14 src
A 3D shopping bag with a vacuum bell inside and a dollar sign on the sideVacuum Bell

Where to Buy a Vacuum Bell: 8 Sellers and Prices Compared

Eight vacuum bell sellers checked on 25 Oct 2026: list prices, shipping, returns and warranty, my own custom bell first, and the original Klobe route.

17 min15 src
3D spine beside a red heart with a heartbeat trace on a pink backgroundHealth Problems

Pectus Excavatum and POTS: Is There a Link?

Is pectus excavatum linked to POTS? What studies show and who they measured, why the two look alike, how POTS is tested, what helps and when to get help.

12 min23 src
A 3D rib cage with a metal plate bridged across the sternumSurgery

Pectus Up Surgery: How It Works, Who It Suits, Risks

How the Pectus Up operation works, where it is done, who it suits, and its risks next to the Nuss procedure. For costs, see the pectus surgery cost guide.

9 min2 src
Surgery

Pectus Excavatum Surgeons: How to Choose (12 We Verified)

No ranking: 12 pectus excavatum surgeons and centers checked in October 2026, and how to vet any surgeon with the 2024 UK Pectus Care Guidelines.

13 min18 src
3D rib cage illustration with the breastbone shaded red, drawn with stylised crack lines, and an arrow pointing at itHealth Problems

Sternum Popping and Chest Cracking: Causes and What Helps

Why your sternum pops, cracks or hurts, which signs need a doctor or 911, the chest-wall causes, and what is known about popping with pectus.

12 min27 src
3D illustration of a chest compression brace: a padded front plate and a padded back piece joined by two side barsPectus Carinatum

Pectus Carinatum Brace: How It Works, Who It Suits, Results

How a pectus carinatum brace works, who should be assessed first, how many hours a day, real results and recurrence, side effects and when surgery helps.

13 min24 src
A 3D seesaw tipped out of balance, a sphere on the raised end and a cube on the lowered onePectus Carinatum

Pectus Carinatum Types: Pictures of Each Pigeon Chest Shape

Pectus carinatum types in labelled diagrams: lower, lopsided (asymmetric), upper and mixed pigeon chest, how common each one is and what it changes.

10 min21 src
A 3D bedroom seen from above, a spine marked in green dots lying along the mattressPosture

Best Sleeping Position for Pectus Excavatum: The Research

No study shows that sleep position or your mattress changes pectus excavatum. How to set up your bed and sleep with a vacuum bell, a brace or after surgery.

11 min12 src
A purple 3D female symbol with a raised fist on pink tiles inside the ring, for a guide to pigeon chest in womenPectus Carinatum

Pectus Carinatum in Women: Breasts, Bracing and Surgery

Pigeon chest in women and girls: how common it is, how breasts can hide it, what bracing and surgery mean for your breasts, and when to see a doctor.

14 min28 src
3D illustration of two gloved hands holding a curved Nuss bar with a small stabilizer plate near each endSurgery

Nuss Procedure for Pectus Excavatum: Steps and Recovery

How the Nuss procedure works step by step, who it suits, the hospital stay, pain control and cryoablation, recovery week by week, life with the bar and risks.

15 min28 src
A 3D seesaw on a pink background, tipped down toward a purple cube and up toward a purple sphereExercises

How to Fix Uneven Pecs: 9 Steps, and When It's Your Ribcage

Uneven pecs? First check it is muscle, not your ribcage or breast tissue. Then a 9-step one-sided training plan, the red flags, and how to track progress.

11 min15 src
A 3D surgical scar closed with four stitchesSurgery

Pectus Surgery Scars: 5 Tips for Nuss and Ravitch Scars

Some patients consider the surgical scar to look worse than the previously sunken chest. Talking with your surgeon about this is very important.

7 min5 src
A 3D octagonal cage fighting ringLifestyle

UFC Fighters and Boxers With Pectus Excavatum: MMA Guide

Can you box, do MMA or wrestle with pectus excavatum? What's known about hits to the chest, who should get checked first, stamina, and which fighters have it.

12 min10 src
13 Science-Backed Causes Of Pectus CarinatumPectus Carinatum

Pectus Carinatum Causes: Is It Genetic? 13 Known Factors

As of 2024, the exact cause of pectus carinatum is still unknown. There are 13 other causes science has shown connection to pectus carinatum.

12 min21 src
A 3D spine seen from the side with an arrow curving forward at the lower backExercises

Pectus Excavatum Pot Belly: Why It Happens and What Helps

The pot belly appearance affects a lot of us with a sunken chest. Usually, it's not body fat but muscular imbalance that can cause many problems.

8 min4 src
3D purple lungs on a pink background with a lit cigarette as the windpipeLifestyle

Pectus Excavatum and Smoking, Vaping or Weed: The Research

Does smoking, vaping or weed affect pectus excavatum? What research shows about lungs, fitness, collapsed lung and surgery, and where to get help quitting.

11 min30 src
3D illustration of a pink flat bench with a pair of dumbbells on top and a loaded barbell in front of itPectus Carinatum

Pectus Carinatum Exercises: Pigeon Chest Home and Gym Guide

Exercise won't flatten a pigeon chest. What training can change, what the studies found, a home and gym routine, lifting, and training with a brace.

11 min21 src
A 3D rib cage seen through half-closed window blindsLifestyle

How to Hide Pectus Excavatum: Shirts, Tattoos and Posture

What makes a sunken chest show in a shirt or shirtless, which clothes, tattoos and chest hair choices hide it, each one's limit, and when to stop hiding.

14 min12 src
A 3D scroll of written lines with a quill pen resting on itLifestyle

Pectus Excavatum Success Story: Q&A With Edward Peterson

Check out this pectus excavatum story in this article. I did an interview with Edward Peterson who is my friend and fixed the deformity surgically.

8 min

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